HAKARITANGA AVIGNON

He hakari whakaari ā-tau te Hakari o Avignon i whakatūria i te tau 1947 e Jean Vilar, whai muri i tētahi hui ki te kaitito a René Char. Ka tū i ia raumati o Hūrae i te marae o te Palais des Papes, i roto i ngā whare tapere me ngā wāhi maha i te pokapū hītori o Avignon (Vaucluse), tae atu ki ētahi wāhi i waho o te "tāone o ngā pāpa".

Ko te Hakari o Avignon te huihuinga toi whakaari me te whakaari nui rawa atu i Parani, ā, ko tētahi o ngā huihuinga toi tino nui o te ao e pā ana ki te maha o ngā mahi toi me ngā kaimātakitaki i huihui mai, ā, ko tētahi o ngā huihuinga toi matua tawhito rawa atu.

Ko te Cour d'honneur o te Palais des papes te wāhi i whānau ai te Hakari e neke atu i te 30 ngā wāhi i roto i te tāone, he pae Tuku Iho o te Ao a UNESCO, me tōna rohe, i roto i ngā mahi toi tae atu ki ngā whare takaro tinana, ngā whare karakia, ngā whare karakia iti, ngā māra, ngā rua kohatu, me ngā whare karakia.

TE WHĀNAUTANGA O TE HAKARI AVIGNON

1947, Wiki Whakaari

Hei wāhanga o tētahi whakaaturanga toi hou i whakaritea i roto i te whare karakia nui o te Whare Pāremata o ngā Pāpa i Avignon, i te tau 1947 ka tūtohu te kairīpoata toi a Christian Zervos me te kaitito a René Char ki a Jean Vilar, he kaiwhakaari, he kaiwhakahaere me te kaiārahi o te rōpū, kia whakaarohia e ia ki te tāone te waihanga i tētahi "wiki toi whakaari".

I te tīmatanga i whakakahore a Jean Vilar ki te whakatinana i tēnei kaupapa, i te mea e ruarua ana ia ki tōna whaihuatanga hangarau, ā, kāore te Mea o Avignon, a Georges Pons, i tautoko i te mea i tumanakohia.

I te hiahia o te kaunihera ki te whakaora i te tāone mā te hanga anō me te ahurea i muri i ngā pōmatanga o Āperira 1944, i whakaaetia te kaupapa, ā, i whakaritea te Cour d'Honneur o te Palais des Papes. I taea e Jean Vilar te waihanga i te "He Wiki Toi i Avignon" mai i te 4 ki te 10 o Hepetema, 1947. E 4,800 ngā kaimātakitaki, e 2,900 o rātou i utu (i whakahēngia te tokomaha o ngā manuhiri), i tae atu ki ngā whakaaturanga e whitu o ngā "hangahanga e toru" i ngā wāhi e toru (te Cour d'Honneur o te Palais des Papes, te Whare Tapere o te Kaunihera, me te Verger d'Urbain V):

Te Pōuri o Kingi Richard II, nā Shakespeare,

he whakaari kāore i te tino mōhiotia i Parani, ko La Terrasse de midi, nā Maurice Clavel, he kaituhi kāore anō kia mōhiotia i taua wā, ā

Te Kōrero mō Tōpia rāua ko Hera, nā Paul Claudel:

I runga anō i te angitu tuatahi o ngā mahi arotake, i hoki mai a Jean Vilar i te tau i muri mai mō te Wiki Toi Whakaari, me te whakaara anō i te aituā o Kingi Richard II, me ngā mahi toi o The Death of Danton nā Georg Buchner, me Shéhérazade nā Jules Supervielle, nāna i whakahaere ngā mahi toi e toru.

Kua huihuia e ia tētahi rōpū kaiwhakaari e haere mai ana i ia tau ki te kohikohi i tētahi hunga mātakitaki e piki haere ana te nui, e piki haere ana te pono.

Ko ēnei tālena taitamariki ko: Jean Négroni, Germaine Montero, Alain Cuny, Michel Bouquet, Jean-Pierre Jorris, Silvia Montfort, Jeanne Moreau, Daniel Sorano, Maria Casarès, Philippe Noiret, Monique Chaumette, Jean Le Poulain, Charles Denner, Jean Deschamps, Georges Wilson… I uru atu a Gérard Philipe, kua rongonui kē i runga i te mata, ki te rōpū i te wā i tuwhera anō ai te TNP i te tau 1951, ā, ko ia te pou tokomanawa mōna, me āna mahi i roto i a Le Cid me The Prince of Homburg.

I piki ake tana angitu, ahakoa te whakahē kino i ētahi wā; nō reira i tapaina a Vilar he "Stalinist," "fascist," "populist," me te "cosmopolitan." I tautoko te kaiwhakahaere tuarua o te whare tapere me te puoro, a Jeanne Laurent, i a Vilar, ā, i whakatūria ia hei upoko mō te TNP i te tau 1951, ā, i whāngaihia āna mahi ki te hakari tae noa ki te whakakapinga a Georges Wilson i a ia ki Chaillot i te tau 1963.

Nō te TNP (Théâtre National Populaire) ngā kaiwhakahaere manuhiri torutoru: a Jean-Pierre Darras i te tau 1953, a Gérard Philipe i te tau 1958, a Georges Wilson i te tau 1953, ā, mai i te tau 1964 anō, i te wā i mutu ai te whakahaere a Vilar i ngā whakaari. I raro i te ingoa Festival d'Avignon, mai i te tau 1954, ka whānui haere ngā mahi a Jean Vilar, ka whai kiko ki te whakaaro o tōna kaihanga mō te whare tapere rongonui, me te whakaatu i te kaha o te wehewehe i ngā mahi whakaari mā roto i ngā mahi a te TNP.

I roto i te kaupapa mātauranga rongonui, kei te whai wāhi ngā kaupapa rangatahi me ngā whatunga whakapono kore ki te whakahoutanga kaha o te whare tapere me ōna hunga mātakitaki, e karangatia ana kia whai wāhi ki ngā pānui me ngā tautohetohe mō ngā toi whakaari, ngā momo hou o te atamira, ngā kaupapa here ahurea…

I te tau 1965, i whakaatuhia e te tira a Jean-Louis Barrault mai i te Odéon-Théâtre de France a Numance, hei tohu i te tīmatanga o tētahi whakatuwheratanga nui, mai i te tau 1966, i tohua e te whakaroa i te roanga ki te kotahi marama, me te whakaurunga, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā whakaaturanga TNP, o ngā mahi toi e rua mai i te Théâtre de la Cité nā Roger Planchon rāua ko Jacques Rosner, i tapaina he tira tuturu, me te iwa ngā whakaaturanga kanikani a Maurice Béjart me tana Ballet du XXe siècle.

Engari e whakaata ana te hakari i te panonitanga o te whare tapere. Nō reira, i te taha o ngā whakaaturanga a ngā whare whakaari ā-motu, ngā whare tapere, me ngā pokapū whakaari, i puta mai tētahi hakari "Off", kāore i te mana, motuhake hoki, i te tau 1966, i tīmatahia e te Théâtre des Carmes, i whakatūria tahitia e André Benedetto rāua ko Bertrand Hurault. I te tīmatanga, me te kore whakaaro ki te waihanga i tētahi kaupapa, i uru atu ētahi atu rōpū ki te kamupene a André Benedetto i te tau i muri mai.

Hei whakautu, i nekehia e Jean Vilar te hakari i waho o te Cour d'honneur o te Palais des papes i te tau 1967, ā, i whakatūria he atamira tuarua ki te Cloître des Carmes, i te taha o te whare tapere o André Benedetto, i tukua ki te CDN du Sud-Est o Antoine Bourseiller.

Ko ngā pokapū whakaari me ngā whare tapere ā-motu anō hoki e whakaatu ana i ā rātou mahi whakaari (ko Jorge Lavelli mō te Théâtre de l'Odéon, te Maison de la culture de Bourges), ā, e whā ngā wāhi hou i whakamahia i te tāone i waenga i te tau 1967 me te tau 1971 (ko te cloître des Célestins, ko te Théâtre municipal me te chapelle des Pénitents blancs hei tāpiri atu ki te cloître des Carmes), ā, ka ao whānui te hakari, pērā i ngā iwi tekau mā toru i tae mai ki ngā Huihuinga Taiohi o te Ao tuatahi i whakaritea e te CEMEA, i te aroaro rānei o te Whare Tapere Ora i te tau 1968.

I haere tonu tēnei whānuitanga o ngā mara toi o te "Hakari Avignon" i ngā tau i muri mai, mā roto i ngā whakaaturanga taiohi a Catherine Dasté o te Théâtre du Soleil, te whare pikitia me ngā arokite o La Chinoise nā Jean-Luc Godard i te Cour d'honneur i te tau 1967 me Baisers volés nā François Truffaut i te tau 1968, te whare tapere waiata me Orden nā Jorge Lavelli i te tau 1969, me ngā puoro o taua tau anō, ka waiho mō te huihuinga ngā taiepa o te tāone ki te noho i te whare karakia o Saint-Théodorit i Uzès.

Nā Vilar te hakari i whakahaere tae noa ki tōna matenga i te tau 1971. I taua tau, e toru tekau mā waru ngā whakaaturanga i tū ki te taha o te hakari.

Te raruraru o te tau 1968

Whai muri i ngā whakahē o Mei 1968 me ngā porotēhi a ngā kaiwhakaari i puta mai ai, kāore he whakaaturanga Wīwī i tēnei putanga 22 o te Hakari Avignon, ā, tata ki te haurua o ngā whakaaturanga 83 i whakaritea i whakakorea. I puritia tonutia ngā whakaaturanga o te Whare Tapere Ora, me ngā mahi a Béjart i roto i te Cour d'honneur, ā, i whai hua tētahi hōtaka kiriata whānui i te whakakorenga o te Hakari Kiriata Cannes i taua tau anō.

I te 21 o Hune, i roto i tētahi huihuinga pāpāho, i kī te kaiwhakahaere o te Hakari ka wātea he wāhi mō ngā porotēhi o Mei, mā te huri i ngā "Huihuinga" hei "Huihuinga".

Ko te noho mai o te Whare Tapere Ora mai i te 18 o Mei - i whakaatuhia i roto i te kiriata pakipūmeka Être libre i tukuna i te Whiringa-ā-rangi 1968 - nā ēnei whanonga i ohorere ai ētahi o ngā kainoho o Avignon, ka taea te kī koinei te take i toa ai a Jean-Pierre Roux i ngā pōtitanga paremata.

I te wā i aukatia ai te whakaari a Gérard Gelas *La Paillasse aux seins nus* (Te Kākāriki Umā-Tahanga) i Villeneuve-lès-Avignon e te tumuaki o Gard i te 18 o Hūrae, 1968, nā te mea i kite ia he wāhi pea mō te whakamataku anarchist, ka pahū te āhuarangi kua tau kē te āwangawanga. Whai muri i ngā pepa e rua e pātai ana ki ngā Assises (te hui ahurea) hei whakauru me te whakatū i te kaupapa whakahē, me te whakahē kino hoki i te kaupapa ahurea Gaullist me ōna umanga ("Kāore ianei te ahurea ahumahi, pērā i te whare wānanga bourgeois, he ārai paowa i hangaia hei whakakore i te mōhiotanga me te mahi tōrangapū whakaora?"), ka tohatohahia he pepa tuatoru hei whakamōhio i te iwi mō te aukati me te panui kāore te Whare Tapere Ora me Béjart e mahi tahi. Kāore a Béjart i te mōhio ki tēnei, i a ia e whakaharatau ana. I whakakahoretia e Julian Beck te tono a Vilar kia whakapuaki i tētahi kōrero tautoko i te Théâtre du Chêne Noir a Gérard Gelas, ā, i kī kē ia kia tū te whakaaturanga La Paillasse aux seins nus ki te Carmes hei whakakapi mō te Antigone o te Living Theatre. I whakakahoretia e te mēia rāua ko Vilar.

Ka tū ngā whakaaturanga ki te Place de l'Horloge, ā, ka wawao mai ngā pirihimana tutu. I ia ahiahi, ka huri tēnei tapawhā hei wāhi huihuinga e tae atu ai ngā kaitōrangapū.

I te 19 o Hūrae i te Cour d'honneur, i whakararuraruhia te whakaaturanga a Béjart e tetahi kaimātakitaki, a Saul Gottlieb, i piki ki te atamira, ā, i karanga atu ki a Béjart kia kaua e whakaari. I te mutunga o te whakaaturanga, ka piki ngā kaiwhakaari o te Théâtre du Chêne Noir ki te atamira hei whakahē, ā, ka mahi auaha ngā kanikani a Béjart i tō rātou taha. Koinei te tīmatanga o tētahi hakari "kore" i roto i te Hakari Avignon.

Ka piki haere ngā pakanga ki ngā taumata teitei rawa atu ina hiahia ngā "kaitākaro" me ngā kupu whakahē i ngā Hūrai ("ngā tāngata ke ki te tāone, paru pērā i a Hopa i runga i tana puranga paru, rawakore pērā i te Hūrai Wandering, māia me te whanoke" i a rātou e kōrero ana mō ngā hippies e karapoti ana i te Whare Tapere Ora), e tata ana ki a Jean-Pierre Roux, ki te horoi i te tāone i ngā kaiwhakahē ("te ope paru") ka tiakina e te pirihimana.

I muri i te aukatinga o te whakaaro a te Whare Tapere Ora ki te whakahaere i tētahi whakaaturanga o Paradise Now i tētahi takiwa o te hunga mahi o Avignon, i whakapuaki a Julian Beck rāua ko Judith Malina i tā rāua wehenga atu i te hakari i roto i tētahi "Whakapuakitanga 11-Tohu." Ko te whitu o ngā tohu e kī ana: "Kei te wehe atu mātou i te hakari nā te mea kua tae mai te wā kia tīmata ai mātou ki te whakahē ki te mahi ki te hunga e hiahia ana ki te mātauranga me te mana o te toi kia noho ki te hunga ka taea te utu anake, ki te hunga e hiahia ana ki te pupuri i te iwi i roto i te pōuri, e mahi ana ki te pupuri i te mana ki roto i ngā ringaringa o ngā rangatira, e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere i te oranga o ngā kaitoi me ētahi atu tāngata. MŌ MĀTOU HOKI, KEI TE HAERE TONU TE WHAKATAETAETA."

I te tau 1969, i puta te whare tapere waiata tuatahi i te Hakari o Avignon me te whakaaturanga o te opera a Arrigo "Orden" i roto i te whakaaturanga a Jorge Lavelli me te libretto a Pierre Bourgeade.

1971 – 1979 i whakahaerehia e Paul Puaux

Mai i te tau 1971 ki te tau 1979, i haere tonu a Paul Puaux, te whakakapi kua tohua, i te mahi i tīmata i te hakari, ahakoa ngā whakahē i tapaina ia he "kaiako kura kōmiuniti kāore he pūkenga toi." I whakakahore ia i te taitara kaiwhakahaere, i pai ake ki te taitara whakaitiiti "kaiwhakahaere." Ko āna takoha nui ko te hanganga o te Théâtre Ouvert (Whare Tapere Tuwhera) me te whakawhānui ake i te hakari kia uru atu ai ngā kaitoi mai i tawhiti: a Merce Cunningham, Mnouchkine, me Besson. I tēnei wā anō i whānau mai ai te hakari "Off", me te Molière tetralogy a Antoine Vitez me te Einstein on the Beach a Bob Wilson.

I whakarērea e ia te tūranga kaiwhakahaere o te hakari i te tau 1979 hei whakatapua i a ia ki te whare o Jean-Vilar, te whare hītori o te hakari. I mua i te whakatūnga o Bernard Faivre d'Arcier, i whakakahore a Béjart, Mnouchkine, rāua ko Planchon ki te whakakapi i a ia.

1980 – 1984 i raro i te arataki a Bernard Faivre d'Arcier, te whakahounga whakahaere, ture me te pūtea rānei

I te tau 1980, ka neke a Paulo Portas ki te Maison Jean Vilar, ā, ka riro i a Bernard Faivre d'Arcier te whakahaere i te hakari, ā, i taua tau anō ka noho hei rōpū whakahaere i raro i te ture o te tau 1901. Ko ia o ngā rōpū tūmatanui e tautoko ana i te hakari (te Kāwanatanga, te tāone o Avignon, te kaunihera whānui o Vaucluse, te kaunihera rohe o Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur), kei roto i te poari whakahaere, tae atu ki ētahi tāngata whai tohu e whitu.

I raro i te kaiārahi o te kaiwhakahaere hou a Bernard Faivre d'Arcier (1980-1984 me 1993-2003) me Alain Crombecque (1985-1992), i whakangawari te whakahaere a te hakari, ā, i whakanuia ake tōna rongonui o te ao. I whakahengia ia mō te mea he "kaimahi kāwanatanga pāpori i pehi i te tikanga tuku iho." I whakawhanakehia hoki e Crombecque ngā mahi whakaari, ā, i whakanuia ake te maha o ngā huihuinga nui, pērā i te Mahabharata a Peter Brook i te tau 1985 me te The Satin Slipper a Antoine Vitez i te tau 1987. I whakahengia ia mō ngā whakapaunga e pā ana ki te Mahabharata, i mua i te whakaoranga o ana kaiwhakahē e ngā hua. I whakahengia anō hoki ia mō te whakawhāiti i te maha o ngā tūru e wātea ana mō ngā whakaaturanga i te marae matua ki te 2,300.

I whakatūria anō hoki te OFF, ā, i te tau 1982, i raro i te akiaki a Alain Léonard, i whakatūria e rātou tētahi rōpū, ko "Avignon Public Off" te ingoa, hei whakarite me te whakaputa i tētahi kaupapa whānui o ngā whakaaturanga Off.

Mai i te whakatūnga o te Wiki Toi Whakaari i te tau 1947, kua rerekē te nuinga o ngā mea:

Te Roanga: I te tīmatanga he wiki kotahi te roa, me ētahi whakaaturanga, inaianei ka tū te hakari i ia raumati mō te 3 ki te 4 wiki.
Ngā Wāhi: Kua horapa ngā whakaaturanga a te hakari ki tua atu i te Cour d'honneur rongonui o te Palais des Papes, e tū ana i roto i te rua tekau ngā wāhi kua whakaritea motuhaketia (ngā kura, ngā whare karakia, ngā whare takaro, me ētahi atu). Ko ētahi o ēnei wāhi kei roto i ngā taiepa o te tāone o Avignon (i roto i ngā pā), pērā i te whare putunga tote, ko ētahi kei waho o ngā taiepa, pērā i te whare takaro Paul Giera, engari kua marara hoki puta noa i te rohe whānui o Avignon. Ko ētahi atu tāone e manaaki ana i te hakari, tae atu ki a Villeneuve-lès-Avignon i roto i tana whare mōneka o Chartreuse, a Boulbon i roto i tana rua kohatu, a Vedène me Montfavet i roto i ō rātou whare whakaari, a Le Pontet i roto i tana whare whakaaturanga, a Cavaillon, me ētahi atu. I te tau 2013, i whakatuwheratia e te hakari a FabricA, he wāhi whakaharatau tuturu (he whare rite te rahi ki te atamira Cour d'honneur) me te wāhi noho o ngā kaitoi. I ia tau, ka whakatuwheratia ngā wāhi hou hei manaaki i ngā whakaaturanga o te kaupapa OFF.

Te āhua o te hakari: mai i te tīmatanga, he hakari whakaari o nāianei a Avignon. Nō muri mai ka tuwhera ki ētahi atu toi, tae atu ki te kanikani o nāianei (ko Maurice Béjart mai i te tau 1966), te mime, te mahi tārei, te whakaari waiata, ngā whakaaturanga eke hōiho (Zingaro), ngā toi tiriti, me ētahi atu.

Ko te wawata tuatahi o te hakari ki te whakakotahi i ngā whare tapere Wīwī pai rawa atu ki te wāhi kotahi, kua whānui haere i roto i ngā tau kia tae atu ki te hunga mātakitaki o te ao, me te piki haere o te maha o ngā kamupene ehara i te Wīwī e haere mai ana ki te mahi ki Avignon i ia tau.

Ahakoa kua rerekē te nuinga o ngā mea mai i "Te Wiki Toi Whakaari" o te tau 1947, ā, kua ngaro te mana o te Hakari, e ai ki a Robert Abirached, he huihuinga nui tonu mō te umanga katoa, ko te wāhi i waho o te hakari kua huri hei "hūpāmakete mō te hanga whakaari," e rapu ana ngā kamupene e iwa rau ki te kimi hunga whakarongo me ngā kaihōtaka.

1985 – 1992 i whakahaerehia e Alain Crombecque

1993 – 2002 te hokinga mai o Bernard Faivre d'Arcier

2003: Te tau i whakakorengia ai

E whitu rau rima tekau ngā whakaaturanga i whakaritea mō te tau 2003. Nā te porotēhi a ngā kaimahi toi whakaari—ngā kaiwhakaari, ngā tohunga hangarau, me ētahi atu—i whakahē i te whakahoutanga o te pūnaha inihua kore mahi (Assedic), i whakakorea ai te Hakari Avignon o te tau 2003 me te tata ki te kotahi rau ngā whakaaturanga Off Festival. I tīmata tēnei pakanga i te Hui-tanguru 2003, ā, ko te whāinga he tiaki i te pūnaha āwhina kore mahi motuhake mō ngā tohunga toi whakaari. I te tau 2003, i hikoi te marea i ngā tiriti i te taha o te hunga e mahi ana i ngā mahi toi whakaari. He maha ngā rōpū ā-rohe i whakatūria, ā, mai i taua wā kua tūtaki tonu tētahi rōpū whakahaere ā-motu.

2004-2013: Te tokorua a Archambault rāua ko Baudriller

I whakatūria i te marama o Hānuere, ka riro i ngā āpiha a Faivre d'Arcier, a Hortense Archambault rāua ko Vincent Baudriller, te whakahaere i te hakari i te marama o Hepetema 2003 whai muri i tōna whakakorenga i te marama o Hūrae. I whakatūria anō rāua mō ngā tau e whā i te tau 2008. I te tau 2010, i taea e rāua te whakatenatena i te poari whakahaere kia whakatikatikaina ngā ture whakahaere a te rōpū kia whiwhi ai i tētahi atu wā haurua. I whakamanahia tēnei e te whakahaere o te kaupapa hanga FabricA, i waiho nei hei tetahi o ngā whāinga o tā rāua wā tuarua. Ahakoa i angitu rātou ki te whakaoti i te kaupapa i roto i te tau kotahi, i wareware rātou ki te whakarite i tētahi tahua whakahaere.

I nekehia ō rātou tari i Parī ki Avignon, ā, i whakaritea te kaupapa mō tētahi, e rua rānei ngā kaitoi hono, he rerekē i ia tau. Nō reira, i karangatia e rātou a Thomas Ostermeier i te tau 2004, a Jan Fabre i te tau 2005, a Josef Nadj i te tau 2006, a Frédéric Fisbach i te tau 2007, a Valérie Dréville me Romeo Castellucci i te tau 2008, a Wajdi Mouawad i te tau 2009, a Olivier Cadiot me Christoph Marthaler i te tau 2010, a Boris Charmatz i te tau 2011, a Simon McBurney i te tau 2012, a Dieudonné Niangouna me Stanislas Nordey i te tau 2013.

Ahakoa e kaha ana rātou ki te whakatipu me te whakaora i tā rātou hunga whakarongo, kāore rātou i te ātete ki ngā whakahe, i tino eke ki tōna taumata i te putanga o te tau 2005. I roto i ētahi whakaaturanga o te hakari, he nui ngā kaimātakitaki i wehe atu i ō rātou tūru i te wā o te whakaaturanga, ā, i roto i ētahi tuhinga a Le Figaro, i whakatau ia i te putanga o te tau 2005 he "āwangawanga toi me te matatika kino," i te wā i kōrero ai a France Inter mō te "āwangawanga Avignon" me La Provence mō te "whakahē a te iwi." I tautoko a Libération i ngā whakahe i roto i ngā kupu ātaahua ake, hei tiaki i te hakari. He rite te āhua ki te tautohetohe rongonui i waenganui i ngā "tawhito" me ngā "tawhito o ēnei rā", i whakataetae tēnei i ngā kaitautoko o tētahi whare tapere tuku iho e whakatapua katoatia ana ki te tuhinga me te aroaro o te kaiwhakaari (tae atu ki a Jacques Julliard, ki a Régis Debray rānei, nāna i tuhi tētahi pukapuka mōna), ko te nuinga he kairīti nō te whakatupuranga pēpi-puāwai, ki ngā kairīti me ngā kaimātakitaki taitamariki kua taunga ki te whare tapere i muri i te whakaari i muri i te tau 1968, e tata ana ki te mahi me te whakamahi i te ahua i runga i te atamira (nā Georges Banu rāua ko Bruno Tackels i whakarite ēnei tirohanga, Le Cas Avignon 2005).

Mō te putanga o te tau 2006, i tukuna he 133,760 tīkiti mō tēnei Hakari Avignon 60, mai i te 152,000 nohoanga. Nō reira, ko te reiti haere mai he 88%, e rite ana tēnei putanga ki ngā tau "hītori" (he 85% i te tau 2005). I tuhia hoki he 15,000 whakaurunga mō ngā huihuinga kore utu pēnei i ngā whakaaturanga, ngā pānui, ngā kōrero, ngā kiriata, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā tīkiti i tukuna ki ngā taiohi kei raro iho i te 25 tau te pakeke, ki ngā ākonga rānei, he pikinga ake, tae atu ki te 12%. Kotahi te whakaaturanga i whakanui ake i te haere mai o te hakari: ko Battuta, nā Bartabas me tana Whare Tapere Equestrian Zingaro, i eke ki te reiti haere mai o te 98%: 28,000 ngā kaimātakitaki i roto i te 22 whakaaturanga, e tohu ana i te neke atu i te 20% o te katoa.

Ko ngā kaitoi hoa mahi e rua o te putanga 64 o te hakari, mai i te 7 ki te 27 o Hūrae, 2010, ko te kaiwhakahaere a Christoph Marthaler rāua ko te kaituhi a Olivier Cadiot.

I te tau 2011, i te kōwhiringa o te kaikani me te kaiwhakarite kanikani a Boris Charmatz hei kaitoi āwhina i whakanui ake i te hiranga o te kanikani o nāianei. I tīmata te kanikani Āwherika ki te whakauru atu ki te kaupapa whaimana i te putanga 67.

2014: He kaiwhakahaere hou, a Olivier Py

Whai muri i te korenga o te whakahoutanga o tana kirimana i te Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe i te marama o Āperira 2011, me te whānui o te pitihana tautoko, i whakatūria e te Minita Ahurea, a Frédéric Mitterrand, a Olivier Py hei kaiwhakahaere o te Hakari Avignon, ko ia te kaitoi tuatahi ki te pupuri i tēnei tūranga mai i a Jean Vilar. I te 2 o Tīhema, 2011, i pōti te poari whakahaere o te hakari ki te whakatū i a Olivier Py, nāna i tīmata tana tūranga hei kaiwhakahaere i te 1 o Hepetema, 2013, i te mutunga o ngā wā o ōna mua.

I te 20 o Poutū-te-rangi, 2014, i te huihuinga pāpāho i tū ki te FabricA, i whakaaturia e ia te kaupapa mō te putanga 68 o te Hakari Avignon, i tū mai i te 4 ki te 27 o Hūrae, 2014. I whakamāramahia e ia ngā kaupapa matua o tana kaupapa mō te Hakari Avignon:

Rangatahi: ngā kaimātakitaki me ngā kaihanga o ngā ihirangi
Ao Whānui me te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa: e rima ngā whenua kei roto i te kaupapa; he arotahi ki Hiria
Te haereere me te wehewehe i te ara 3km: ko te whakaaturanga Othello, he momo whakaari mō ngā kaiwhakaari tokotoru, nā te kamupene Zieu, i whakahaerehia i runga i te kaupapa haereere i te rohe o Vaucluse
Ngā rotarota me ngā tuhinga o nāianei: Ka whakanuia a Lydie Dattas me āna mahi
He wāhanga nui te hangarau matihiko, he kaiārahi mō te whakaurunga pāpori me te ahurea, hei whanaketanga. I runga i te kaupapa FabricA numérique, i whakarewahia i te Oketopa 2013 me te rōpū whakaaro Terra Nova, kei te mahi te Avignon Festival me Pascal Keiser (Technocité) i tētahi tono mō te tapanga hangarau Wīwī.

Heoi, he tau tino uaua te tau 2014 mō te kaiwhakahaere hou:

- La FabricA: he wāhi kāore he tahua whakahaere.

- Ngā pōtitanga ā-rohe o Poutū-te-rangi 2014: ka toa te National Front i te rauna tuatahi. Ka karanga tūmatanui a Olivier Py ki te hunga i kore i pōti kia pōti. Ka pupū ake te mauahara me ngā whakapae mai i ngā taha tōrangapū katoa, te National Front, te UMP me te Socialist Party.

- Te kaupapa pāpori o Hōngongoi 2014

- Ngā Āwhā o Hōngongoi 2014

La Fabrica

I whakapuaki a Hortense Archambault rāua ko Vincent Baudriller, ngā kaiwhakahaere tahi o te Hakari Avignon i te tau 2004, i te hiahia mō tētahi wāhi whakaharatau me te wāhi noho mō ngā kaitoi i karangatia ki te waihanga whakaaturanga i te Hakari Avignon. I whakatuwheratia a La FabricA, he whare i hangaia e te kaihoahoa a Maria Godlewska, i te marama o Hūrae 2013. Ko tēnei kaupapa, e kiia ana he 10 miriona euros, i puteahia e te kāwanatanga Wīwī (Te Manatū Ahurea me te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero) me ngā mana whakahaere ā-rohe (Te Tāone o Avignon, Te Kaunihera Whānui o Vaucluse, Rohe o Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur).

Ko tōna tūnga, kei te whakawhiti i ngā rohe o Champfleury me Monclar, e whakahoutia ana i roto i ngā tāone me ngā hapori, e whakaoho ana i ngā moemoeā mō tētahi kaupapa nui e mahi tahi ana me ngā hapori e noho pōrearea ana. E kī ana a Vincent Baudriller, "He piriona ngā mea hei hanga tahi me ēnei rōpū." Heoi, ko Olivier Py te kawenga ki te kimi huarahi hei whakahaere i te whare i te tau katoa, me te putea hoki mō ngā kaupapa whakatairanga ahurea.

Kei te whakatinanahia ngā kaupapa toi mā ngā kainoho o ēnei takiwa, inā koa ko ērā e aro ana ki ngā rangatahi (e mahi tahi ana me ngā ākonga kura tuatahi, kura waenga, me te kura tuarua), me te whāinga kia tae atu ki ngā karaehe pāpori katoa. Heoi anō, kei te rapu tonu te wāhi i tōna kaupapa me tōna tūranga i roto i te tāone me te Hakari.

Ko ngā mea kei roto i te FabricA ko:

he rūma whakaharatau: ka taea e mātou te mahi i ngā whakaaturanga e tukuna ana i roto i te Cour d'Honneur, e 600 ngā nohoanga e taea ai te whakauru;
he wāhi tūmataiti: ka taea e ngā tīma toi te noho me te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga pai;
he wāhi hangarau iti: he wāhi rokiroki mō ngā taputapu.

I te tau 2014, e rua ngā whakaaturanga i tū ki te FabricA i te Hakari Avignon: ko Orlando nā Olivier Py me Henri VI nā Thomas Jolly.

TE PUTANGA MAI O TE HAKARI "OFF" ME TE WHĀNUITANGA O TE HAKARI AVIGNON

Engari e whakaata ana te Hakari i te panonitanga o te whare tapere. Nō reira, i te taha o ngā whakaaturanga a ngā whare whakaari ā-motu, ngā whare tapere, me ngā pokapū whakaari, i puta mai tētahi hakari "kore", kāore i te mana, motuhake hoki, i te tau 1966, i tīmatahia e te Théâtre des Carmes, i whakatūria tahitia e André Benedetto rāua ko Bertrand Hurault. I te tīmatanga, me te kore whakaaro ki te waihanga i tētahi kaupapa, i uru atu ētahi atu rōpū ki te kamupene a André Benedetto i te tau i muri mai.

Ko ngā pokapū whakaari me ngā whare tapere ā-motu anō hoki e whakaatu ana i ā rātou mahi whakaari (ko Jorge Lavelli mō te Théâtre de l'Odéon, te Maison de la culture de Bourges), ā, e whā ngā wāhi hou kua whakamahia i te tāone i waenga i te tau 1967 me te tau 1971 (ko te cloître des Célestins, ko te Théâtre municipal me te chapelle des Pénitents blancs hei tāpiri atu ki te cloître des Carmes), ā, ka noho te hakari ki te ao whānui, pērā i ngā iwi tekau mā toru i tae mai ki ngā Huihuinga Taiohi o te Ao tuatahi i whakaritea e te CEMEA, i te aroaro rānei o te Whare Tapere Ora i te tau 1968.

I te tau 1968, nā te aukati i te whakaari La Paillasse aux seins nus a Gérard Gelas i Villeneuve-lès-Avignon, ka uru atu te hunga "kore" ki te Hakari o Avignon, ā, i karangatia te tira e Maurice Béjart ki te whakaari me te ārai i te waha i runga i te atamira o te Cour d'honneur, ā, i tautokona hoki rātou e te Whare Tapere Ora.

Nā Vilar te Hakari i whakahaere tae noa ki tōna matenga i te tau 1971. I taua tau, e toru tekau mā waru ngā whakaaturanga i tū ki te taha o te hakari.

Mai i te tau 1971 ki te tau 1979, i haere tonu a Paul Puaux, te uri i tohua, i te mahi i tīmatahia.

Te Whakangungu

I te tau 1980, ka neke a Paulo Portas ki te Maison Jean Vilar, ā, ka riro i a Bernard Faivre d'Arcier te whakahaere i te hakari, ā, i taua tau anō ka noho hei rōpū whakahaere i raro i te ture o te tau 1901. Ko ia o ngā rōpū tūmatanui e tautoko ana i te Hakari (Te Kāwanatanga, te tāone o Avignon, te kaunihera whānui o Vaucluse, te kaunihera rohe o Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur), kei roto i te poari whakahaere, tae atu ki ētahi tāngata whai tohu e whitu.

I raro i te kaiārahi o te kaiwhakahaere hou a Bernard Faivre d'Arcier (1980-1984 me 1993-2003), me Alain Crombecque (1985-1992), i whakapakari te whakahaere a te hakari, ā, i whakanui ake i tōna rongonui o te ao. I whakawhanakehia hoki e Crombecque te mahi whakaari, ā, i whakanui ake i te maha o ngā huihuinga nui, pērā i te Mahabharata a Peter Brook i te tau 1985 me The Satin Slipper a Antoine Vitez i te tau 1987.

I whakatūria anō hoki te Off, ā, i te tau 1982, i raro i te akiaki a Alain Léonard, i whakatūria he rōpū, ko "Avignon Public Off", hei whakarite me te whakaputa i tētahi kaupapa whānui o ngā whakaaturanga Off.

Mai i te whakatūnga o te Wiki Toi Whakaari i te tau 1947, kua rerekē te nuinga o ngā mea:

Te Roanga: I te tīmatanga he wiki kotahi te roa, me ētahi whakaaturanga, inaianei ka tū te hakari i ia raumati mō te 3 ki te 4 wiki.

Ngā wāhi: Kua horapa ngā whakaaturanga a te Hakari ki tua atu i te Cour d'honneur rongonui o te Palais des Papes, ki ētahi wāhi e rua tekau kua whakaritea mō te kaupapa (ngā kura, ngā whare karakia, ngā whare takaro, me ētahi atu). Kei roto i ngā taiepa o te tāone o Avignon ētahi o ēnei wāhi, ko ētahi kei waho, pērā i te whare takaro Paul Giera, engari kua marara katoa puta noa i te rohe o Avignon Nui. Kei ētahi atu tāone anō hoki te Hakari: ko Villeneuve-lès-Avignon i roto i tana whare mōneka o Chartreuse, ko Boulbon i roto i tana rua kohatu, ko Vedène me Montfavet i roto i ō rātou whare whakaari, ko Le Pontet i roto i tana whare whakaaturanga, ko Cavaillon, me ētahi atu.

I ia tau, ka whakatuwheratia ngā wāhi hou hei manaaki i ngā whakaaturanga o te OFF.

Te āhua o te hakari: mai i te tīmatanga, he hakari whakaari o nāianei a Avignon. Nō muri mai ka tuwhera ki ētahi atu toi, tae atu ki te kanikani o nāianei (ko Maurice Béjart mai i te tau 1966), te mime, te mahi tārei, te whakaari waiata, ngā whakaaturanga eke hōiho (Zingaro), ngā toi tiriti, me ētahi atu.
Ko te wawata tuatahi o te hakari ki te whakakotahi i ngā whare tapere Wīwī pai rawa atu ki te wāhi kotahi, kua whānui haere i roto i ngā tau kia tae atu ki te hunga mātakitaki o te ao, me te piki haere o te maha o ngā kamupene ehara i te Wīwī e haere mai ana ki te mahi i Avignon i ia tau.

Ahakoa kua ngaro te kaha rongonui o te hakari, e ai ki a Robert Abirached, he huihuinga nui tonu mō te umanga katoa, ko te OFF ia kua huri hei "hūpāmakete whakaari", e waru rau ngā kamupene e rapu ana ki te kimi hunga whakarongo me ngā kaihōtaka.

Te hakari o nāianei

Te whakakorenga o te putanga o te tau 2003

E whitu rau rima tekau ngā whakaaturanga i whakaritea mō te tau 2003. Nā te porotēhi a ngā kaimahi o te umanga whakangahau—ngā kaiwhakaari, ngā tohunga hangarau, me ētahi atu—i whakahē i te whakahoutanga o te pūnaha inihua kore mahi (Assedic), i whakakorea ai te Hakari Avignon o te tau 2003 me te tata ki te kotahi rau ngā whakaaturanga Off Festival. I tīmata tēnei pakanga i te Hui-tanguru 2003, ā, ko te whāinga he tiaki i te pūnaha āwhina kore mahi motuhake mō ngā kaimahi o te umanga whakangahau. I te tau 2003, i hikoi te marea i ngā tiriti i te taha o te hunga e mahi ana i ngā mahi toi. He maha ngā rōpū ā-rohe i whakatūria, ā, mai i taua wā kua tūtaki tonu tētahi rōpū whakahaere ā-motu

Te whakaoranga o te takirua o Archambault rāua ko Baudriller

I whakatūria a Faivre d'Arcier i te marama o Hānuere, ā, i riro i a rāua, a Hortense Archambault rāua ko Vincent Baudriller, te whakahaere i te Hakari i te marama o Hepetema 2003 whai muri i tōna whakakorenga i te marama o Hūrae.

I whakatūria anō e rātou te whakahaere o te Hakari ki Avignon, ā, i whakaritea te kaupapa mō tētahi, e rua rānei ngā kaitoi hoa mahi, he rerekē i ia tau. Nō reira, i karangatia e rātou a Thomas Ostermeier i te tau 2004, a Jan Fabre i te tau 2005, a Josef Nadj i te tau 2006, a Frédéric Fisbach i te tau 2007, a Valérie Dréville me Romeo Castellucci i te tau 2008, a Wajdi Mouawad i te tau 2009, a Olivier Cadiot me Christoph Marthaler i te tau 2010, a Boris Charmatz i te tau 2011, me Simon McBurney i te tau 2012.

Ahakoa i angitu rātou ki te whakatipu me te whakaora i tā rātou hunga whakarongo, kāore rātou i ātete ki ngā whakahe, i tae ki tōna taumata teitei i te putanga o te tau 2005. I ētahi whakaaturanga o te Hakari, he tini ngā kaimātakitaki i puta atu, ā, i roto i ētahi tuhinga a Le Figaro, i kīia te putanga o te tau 2005 he "āwangawanga toi me te matatika kino," i te wā i kīia ai e France Inter he "āwangawanga Avignon" ā, ko La Provence he "whakahē a te marea." I tautokona e Libération te whakahe i roto i ngā kupu ātaahua ake, hei tiaki i te Hakari. He rite te āhua ki te tautohetohe rongonui i waenganui i ngā "tawhito" me ngā "tawhito o ēnei rā", i whakataetae tēnei i ngā kaitautoko o tētahi whare tapere tuku iho e whakatapua katoatia ana ki te tuhinga me te aroaro o te kaiwhakaari (tae atu ki a Jacques Julliard, ki a Régis Debray rānei, nāna i tuhi tētahi pukapuka mōna), ko te nuinga he kairīti nō te whakatupuranga pēpi-puāwai, ki ngā kairīti me ngā kaimātakitaki taitamariki kua taunga ki te whare tapere i muri i te whakaari i muri i te tau 1968, e tata ana ki te mahi me te whakamahi i te ahua i runga i te atamira (nā Georges Banu rāua ko Bruno Tackels i whakarite ēnei tirohanga, Le Cas Avignon 2005).

Whai muri i te pakanga o te tau 2003 me ngā kaimahi wā poto, i wehewehe ai ngā rōpū 700 Off Festival—ko ētahi o rātou i whiriwhiri ki te haere tonu ki te mahi ahakoa ngā taumahatanga me te whakakorenga o te Avignon Festival—i wehe te Off Festival, ā, me hanga anō. E whā rau ngā kamupene me te nuinga o ngā whare tapere o te Off Festival, e tohu ana i te tata ki te 500 ngā whakahaere, i hono tahi hei Avignon Festival et Compagnies (AF&C), i raro i te perehitini o André Benedetto, hei whakakapi i te rōpū o mua o Alain Léonard i te tau i muri mai. I te tau 2009, neke atu i te 980 ngā whakaaturanga me ngā huihuinga o ia rā o te Off Festival (whare tapere, whare tapere waiata, kanikani, whare tapere kawhe, whakaari pēpepe, circus, me ētahi atu), he pikinga 11% ia tau mai i te tīmatanga o te tau 2000.

I te tau 2011, i whiriwhiria e Hortense Archambault rāua ko Vicent Baudriller te hono i te kaikani me te kaiwhakarite kanikani a Boris Charmatz hei hoa mahi toi mō te putanga, e whakaatu ana i te tipu haere o te kanikani o nāianei11.

2006: putanga 60

Mō te putanga o te tau 2006, i tukuna ngā tīkiti 133,760 mō tēnei Hakari Avignon 60, mai i te 152,000 te tokomaha. Nō reira, ko te reiti haere mai he 88%, e rite ana tēnei putanga ki ngā tau "hītori" (he 85% i te tau 2005). I tuhia he 15,000 atu whakaurunga mō ngā huihuinga kore utu pēnei i ngā whakaaturanga, ngā pānui pukapuka, ngā kōrero, ngā kiriata, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā tīkiti i tukuna ki ngā taiohi kei raro iho i te 25 tau te pakeke, ki ngā ākonga rānei, he pikinga ake te ōrau, tae atu ki te 12%.

Kotahi te whakaaturanga i whakapiki ake i te tokomaha o te hunga i tae mai ki te hakari: ko Battuta, nā Bartabas me tana Whare Tapere Equestrian Zingaro, i eke ki te 98% te reiti o te hunga i tae mai: 28,000 ngā kaimātakitaki i roto i ngā whakaaturanga e 22, neke atu i te 20% o te katoa.

"Ngā Kaiwhakawhiti Moni"

"Ehara ngā kaiwhakaari i te kurī!" te karanga a Gérard Philipe i roto i te taitara o tētahi tuhinga rongonui. Ko ngā whakaaro katoa mō te Avignon Off Festival, tōna āhua kua puta, me ōna āhua ka puta pea, me mau tēnei kupu whakatapu.

Nō reira ka tīmata anō te whakaaroaro i mahia i te tau 2006 e Jean Guerrin, he kaiwhakaari, he kaiwhakahaere, he kaiwhakaū me te kaiwhakahaere o te kura whakaari o Montreuil, he kaiuru tonu ki te Off Festival me te manuhiri o te In Festival i te tau 1980 me Henry VI a Shakespeare me The Wedding a Brecht. I roto i tētahi uiuinga ki a Vincent Cambier mō te rōpū Les Trois Coups, ka whakahē ia i te "whakahē tonu" o ngā āhuatanga e nohoia ana ngā kaiwhakaari, ngā kamupene, ngā kaiwhakahaere, me ngā kaituhi whakaari i ngā wāhi o te Off Festival—ngā āhuatanga i pakaru i te apo o ngā rangatira o te wāhi ahakoa ngā mahi a te whakahaere o te Festival ki te whakapai ake i te āhuatanga. Ko te tere o ngā whakaaturanga i te wāhi kotahi ka arahi ki tētahi kaupapa uaua o te whakarite me te wawahi, te kino atu rānei: te pakaru o ngā tuhinga. Ko te utu nui o te whakarite i tētahi wāhi whakaaturanga he onge te tuku i ngā kamupene ki te utu i ā rātou kaiwhakaari. Ka hunaia ēnei āhuatanga mai i te marea, me tiaki ā rātou tautoko pūtea. Ki a Jean Guerrin, ko ngā otinga kei roto i te "mōhio ki te take motuhake o te kaiwhakaari," te tuku i te maimoatanga e rite ana ki te maimoatanga o ngā tohunga hangarau me ngā kaiwhakahaere atamira e utua ana i runga i te pūnaha, he rerekē ki ngā kaiwhakaari, me te whakatū i tētahi "tinana whakahaere me te whakahaere i ngā tikanga whakahaere o ngā wāhi," ahakoa ko te tikanga he whakakahore i te tuku tapanga ki ngā mea tino whakarihariha, kia "kore ai te Hakari e mate i tōna tipu kore whakahaere, pērā i aua whetu ataahua i hinga i raro i tō rātou ake taumaha; ko te āhuatanga [e hiahia ana] kia tere te mahi kia kore ai e whakanuia rawatia te kupu 'hurihuri'.".

Te putanga o te tau 2010

Ko ngā kaitoi hoa mahi e rua mō tēnei putanga ko te kaiwhakahaere a Christoph Marthaler me te kaituhi a Olivier Cadiot. I tū te putanga 64 o te Hakari mai i te 7 ki te 27 o Hūrae, 2010. I tū te Hakari Whakakore mai i te 8 ki te 31 o Hūrae.

Kohinga tuhinga a Maison Jean-Vilar

Ko ngā mahi a Jean Vilar me ngā huihuinga katoa e 3,000 i whakaritea i te Hakari Avignon mai i tōna tīmatanga i te tau 1947 ka taea te uru atu ki te Maison Jean Vilar, kei Avignon i te 8, rue Mons, Montée Paul-Puaux (whare pukapuka, whare pukapuka ataata, whakaaturanga, pātengi raraunga, me ētahi atu). Ka whakaputahia e te Association Jean Vilar te hautaka Cahiers Jean Vilar, e whakanoho ana i ngā whakaaro o te kaihanga o te Hakari Avignon ki roto i tētahi tirohanga hou mā te tātari i te tūranga o te whare tapere i roto i te hapori me ngā wero o ngā kaupapa here ahurea.

Te Pūtea a Fernand-Michaud

I te tau 1988, i riro mai i te Whare Pukapuka ā-Motu o Parani neke atu i te 50,000 ngā whakaahua kino me ngā kiriata i hangaia e te kaiwhakaahua a Fernand Michaud i ngā Hakari o Avignon mai i te tau 1970 ki te 1986.

2015: Putanga 50 o te Hakari OFF

Ka huihuia e te Avignon Off Festival ngā rau whakaaturanga, mai i te 10 i te ata ki te waenganui pō i roto i te neke atu i te kotahi rau ngā wāhi me ngā whare tapere tae atu ki te atamira o te Laurette, te whare tapere tuturu o Avignon.

Paetukutuku mana

Paetukutuku mana o te Hakari Whakakore

Ngā pukatuhi o te Maison Jean-Vilar nama 105 - Avignon, Hōngongoi 1968

Kei Gallica ngā whakaahua o te Hakari o Avignon

Puna: Wikipedia