Antigone nā Jean Anouilh

Ko Antigone te taitara o tētahi whakaari e whakaatu ana i ngā kaupapa maha. I tuhia tuatahitia e Sophocles i te tau 442 BC, kātahi ka whakamaoritia anō i te wā o te Occupation of 1944 e Jean Anouilh, ko tēnei mahi tētahi o ngā mahi rongonui rawa atu i roto i ngā tuhinga tawhito.

Antigone i kōrerotia e Jean Anouilh

te tuhi anō a Jean Anouilh i a Antigone mō ngā take maha, tae atu ki te mea i whakanohoia e ia te kiripuaki matua ki waenganui o ngā kaupapa matua o te hapori. Ahakoa he hononga whaiaro, he maharatanga kura, he kare ā-roto whakaari rānei, ka haere tonu te hunga mātakitaki ki ngā whare tapere e tuku ana i ngā whakamaoritanga me ngā pānui anō o tēnei whakaari. Ko te whakaaturanga tuatahi o te tuhi anō a Jean Anouilh i tū ki te Théâtre de l'Atelier i Parī i te Hui-tanguru 1944. Mō āna mahi, i whiriwhiria e te kaituhi whakaari kia wha ngā wāhanga. I whakaahuahia e ia penei: "Ko Antigone a Sophocles [...] he ohorere ohorere ki ahau i te wā o te pakanga [...]. I tuhi anō ahau i taku ake ara, me te haruru o te aituā i pā ki a mātou i taua wā."

Ina hoki, ko te take i tino pā ai tēnei whakaari i taua wā, he maha ngā kaupapa nui i whakakitea mai, tae atu ki te pakanga i waenga i te matatika me te tōrangapū, tae atu ki te pakanga i waenga i ngā whakatipuranga. Tata ki te 80 tau i muri mai, kei te āhua whai tikanga tonu ngā kaupapa i kōrerohia i roto i te whakaari Antigone.

He aha te whakaari?

Hei mōhio ki tētahi whakaari pēnei i a Antigone, he mea nui kia mārama ki ōna tikanga tuhituhi me ngā tikanga whakaari katoa. Ahakoa e whakahaerehia ana te whare tapere e ngā momo tuhituhi kua whakapumautia, he mea nui kia mahara ko tōna kaupapa matua he matakitaki. I runga i te whakaari, tōna momo, ngā whakaaro o te kaituhi whakaari, me te wā, ka huri, ka whakarerekētia hoki ngā mea katoa e hanga ana i tētahi whakaari: te maha o ngā mahi, ngā momo whakaari, ngā huinga, te rama, te oro, me ērā atu mea. 

I whakaaro a Aristotle, e mōhiotia ana e tātou mō tana rapunga whakaaro, ko te momo whakaari te huarahi pai rawa atu ki te whakaoho i ngā mahi a te tangata, me te hanga i tētahi tawhiti e whai wāhi ana ki tētahi wheako pakiwaitara. Koinei tētahi o ngā āhuatanga nui o te whakaora i te mamae. Ahakoa he ahua uaua te ahua o tētahi whakaari whakaari i te tīmatanga, he nui noa iho hei hura i te arai kia mārama ai he mekameka o ngā mahi me ngā hua ngāwari ka taea te tūturu i runga i te tauine o te wheako tangata. 

Nō reira, hei whakatū i te mea e kiia nei ko te "verisimilitude", me whakaatu e ngā kaituhi whakaari pērā i a Jean Anouilh te pūkenga nui ki te tuhituhi. Ka takaro rātou ki ngā momo tuhinga, ka whakamahia hei taputapu whakararuraru hei wero i ngā uara me te rui i te tautohetohe.

Jean Anouilh: he aha tātou me kimi ai i tana Antigone?

I tautohetia te whakaari a Jean Anouilh i roto i ngā momo pāpāho, engari i tino manakohia e te hunga mātakitaki me te hunga pāpāho i te wā i whakaaturia ai. Ko tōna whānuitanga tohu, e whakaata ana i te aituā o tōna wā, te āhua nei i āhei ia kaipānui ki te kimi i ō rātou ake tikanga matatika, tikanga rānei i roto. Koinei te tino kaupapa o te tuhituhi: kia āhei ia tangata ki te hanga i te tuhinga hei tuhinga mā rātou ake. I roto i te pukapuka Antigone, ka taea hoki e ngā pānga ā-rōpū te whai pānga whaiaro; ka taea e ngā whakataunga me ngā mahi a tētahi, neke atu rānei, te pā ki tētahi, neke atu rānei, ētahi atu. Ahakoa ngā tau 80 e wehe ana i a tātou mai i te whakaputanga o te whakaari, he tino tūponotanga ka kite tetahi i te hononga ki te oranga e ora nei tātou i ēnei rā, ki te hapori e noho nei tātou, me te hapori e pā ana ki a tātou. Ā, he pono tēnei i roto i te maha o ngā whenua o te ao.

Mō tētahi wheako whakaora wairua, kei te tatari atu te whakaari a Jean Anouilh, a Antigone, ki a koe! Mātakihia mai i te 25 o Hepetema ki te 18 o Tīhema, 2022 i te Whare Tapere o Laurette i Parī!